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On a Method of Making a Direct Comparison of Electrostatic with Electromagnetic Force; With a Note on the Electromagnetic Theory of Light by MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK

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$18,500.00

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Seller: The Manhattan Rare Book Company

Title: On a Method of Making a Direct Comparison of Electrostatic with Electromagnetic Force; With a Note on the Electromagnetic Theory of Light
Author: MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK
Seller: The Manhattan Rare Book Company (United States)
Condition: Very Good
Description: London: Taylor & Francis, 1868. First edition offprint. Original wrappers. Very Good. FIRST EDITION, THE EXTREMELY RARE OFFPRINT, OF THE LAST OF MAXWELL'S FIVE IMPORTANT PAPERS ON THE FOUNDATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY PUBLISHED BETWEEN 1855 AND 1868. WITH AN EXTRAORDINARY PROVENANCE: THIS COPY FROM THE ESTEEMED CAVENDISH LABORATORY, FOUNDED IN 1874 WITH MAXWELL AS ITS FIRST DIRECTOR. In "On a Method of Making a Direct Comparison of Electrostatic with Electromagnetic Force", Maxwell finally gives experimental proof that light consists of electromagnetic waves, which he had postulated in his fourth paper, the epoch-making "A dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field" (1865). "[Michael] Faraday (1791-1867) had abandoned the notion of 'action at a distance' for the concept of the 'fields of force' surrounding bodies by which they act upon one another electromagnetically ... Clerk Maxwell (1831-79), who may well be judged the greatest theoretical physicist of the nineteenth century, was happy to acknowledge his debt to Faraday; for what he did was to construct the mathematical theory of the field ... the developed field-theory, expressed in twenty equations, was purely and elegantly mathematical" (PMM 355). In the "Note on the Electromagnetic Theory of Light" [the second paper included here], Maxwell greatly simplifies the 20 equations from the 1865 paper, into four theorems, roughly equivalent to the four fundamental Maxwell equations we know today: "When in 1868 Maxwell published the results of his new measurement of the ratio c of the electromagnetic to the electrostatic charge unit, he restated the electromagnetic theory of light 'in the simplest form, deducing it from admitted facts, and shewing the connection between the experiments already described [for the measurement of c] and those which determine the velocity of light.' The 'admitted facts' were Oersted's electromagnetism, Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, and Faraday's doctrine of polarization. From them Maxwell extracted four simple 'theorems' expressing in words the integrals of the magnetic and electric intensities on closed curves, the relation between electric intensity and displacement, and the displacement current." (Oliver Darrigol, "Electrodynamics from Ampere to Einstein"). In "A dynamical theory" Maxwell showed that electromagnetic waves should propagate with a speed equal to the ratio of the electrostatic and electromagnetic units of charge. To prove his postulate on the nature of light, it was therefore necessary to accurately measure this ratio and compare it with direct measurements of the speed of light. Maxwell describes this experiment and its results in the first part of the present paper: he finds that the ratio is about 3% below the speed of light according to a recent measurement by the French physicist Léon Foucault (1819-68). The second part of the paper gives a simplified formulation of the equations describing the electromagnetic field. In "A dynamical theory" "Maxwell remarked that the equations might be condensed, but "to eliminate a quantity which expresses a useful idea would be rather a loss than a gain in this stage of our enquiry." He had in fact simplified the equations in his fifth major paper, the short but important "Note on the electromagnetic theory of light" (1868), writing them in integral form, based on four postulates derived from electrical experiments. This may be called the electrical formulation of the theory, in contrast with the original dynamical formulation. It was later independently developed by Heaviside and Hertz and passed into the textbooks. It has the advantage of compactness and symmetry" (Everitt, pp. 108-9). "Maxwell's 1868 paper was of considerable historical importance, for it set forward his theory in the simple form in which it was taken up and developed by others" (Hendry, p. 226). Provenance: With stamps from the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge. "The Cavendish Laboratory has an extraordinary history of discovery and innovation in Physics since its opening in 1874 under the direction of James Clerk Maxwell, the University's first Cavendish Professor of Experimental Physics... Since its foundation, the Laboratory has had great fortune in appointing Cavendish professors who, between them, have changed completely our understanding of the physical world. Maxwell did not live to see his theories of electricity, magnetism and statistical physics fully confirmed by experiment, but his practical legacy was the design and equipping of the new Laboratory. Maxwell died in 1879 at the early age of 48 and was succeeded by Lord Rayleigh, who was responsible for setting up a systematic course of instruction in experimental physics, which has remained at the core of the Laboratory's teaching programme... "JJ Thomson succeeded Rayleigh in 1884 and began the revolution in physics which was to lead to the discovery of quantum mechanics in the 1920s. During Thomson's long tenure, the University allowed students from outside Cambridge to study for the new degree of Doctor of Philosophy in 1895. Among the first generation of physics graduate students were Ernest Rutherford and Charles Wilson, who, along with JJ Thomson, were to win Nobel prizes for their researches. The discovery of the electron by Thomson, the invention of the Cloud chamber by Wilson, the discovery of artificial nuclear fission by Rutherford are examples of the extraordinary advances in experimental technique which ushered in what became known as modern physics" ("The History of the Cavendish", University of Cambridge website). Note: We are not aware of any other copy of this offprint having appeared in commerce. OCLC lists only six copies (Burndy, Huntington, MIT and Stanford in the US; King's College, London and Manchester in the UK). London: Taylor & Francis, 1868. Quarto (295 x 231 mm), pp. 643-657 [1:blank, and thus offprint - the journal version has another paper begining on this page], two gatherings sewn, as issued, in the original green blank wrappers; custom silk box. Spine strip and extremities with a little wear and darkening. Cavendish Laboratory stamp to the first two and final leaf. Entirely unrestored. A SCARCE OFFPRINT OF ONE OF MAXWELL'S MAJOR PAPERS WITH AN OUTSTANDING PROVENANCE.

La Theorie du Rayonnement et les Quanta. Rapports et Discussions de la Reunion Tenue a Bruxelles du 30 Octobre au 3 Novembre 1911, Sous les Auspices de M. E. Solvay. [The First Solvay Conference] by EINSTEIN, ALBERT; CURIE, MARIE; PLANCK, MAX; RUTHERFORD, ERNEST; LANGEVIN, PAUL; et al.

5 to 10 days for delivery

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$6,500.00

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Seller: The Manhattan Rare Book Company

Title: La Theorie du Rayonnement et les Quanta. Rapports et Discussions de la Reunion Tenue a Bruxelles du 30 Octobre au 3 Novembre 1911, Sous les Auspices de M. E. Solvay. [The First Solvay Conference]
Author: EINSTEIN, ALBERT; CURIE, MARIE; PLANCK, MAX; RUTHERFORD, ERNEST; LANGEVIN, PAUL; et al.
Seller: The Manhattan Rare Book Company (United States)
Condition: Very Good
Description: Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1912. First edition. Original wrappers, custom box. Very Good. RARE FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL WRAPPERS OF THE REPORTS FROM THE HISTORIC FIRST SOLVAY CONFERENCE, "THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE IN PHYSICS EVER ORGANIZED" AND A CRITICAL MOMENT IN THE BIRTH OF QUANTUM PHYSICS. In the short time that followed Planck's hypothesis of the universal constant that would bear his name, the greatest minds in physics were largely at a loss about how to deal with the bizarre theoretical results that followed (let alone the experimental results which confirmed them!). Much of the focus at the time was on black-body radiation, including work by Planck himself, as well as Lorentz, Rayleigh, and Jeans. However, shortly before the first Solvay conference, a young Einstein had also started investigating the related question of materials' specific heat. (Kuhn). "The purpose of the first Solvay Conference was thus two-fold: first, there was the need to examine whether classical theories (molecular-kinetic theory and electrodynamics) could, in some undiscovered ways, provide an explanation of the problem of black-body radiation and of the specific heat of polyatomic substances at low temperatures; secondly, to consider phenomena in which the theory of quanta could be successfully used." (Mehra). Underlying these questions was the more fundamental mystery of how to interpret the existence of the Planck constant. There were two camps, both of which were represented at the conference. Planck's took the constant to indicate some fundamental constraint on the radiative processes of emission and absorption. For example, "Sommerfeld introduced a version of the quantum hypothesis, which he considered to be compatible with classical electrodynamics. He postulated that in 'every purely molecular process' [a quantized] quantity of action is exchanged." (Staumann). Einstein's camp, on the other hand, took the quantum of action to represent the physicality of a (perhaps pseudo-)corpuscular theory of energy exchange - his photons of light. Although the debates that followed the lectures (included in the proceedings) did not rise to the famous heated exchange that Einstein would have with Bohr at the 1927 Solvay conference, we do see some of the young Einstein's hotheadedness as he opens the debate following Planck's plenary lecture: "What I find strange about the way Mr. Planck applies Boltzmann's equation is that he introduces a state probability W without giving this quantity a physical definition. If one proceeds in such a way, then, to begin with, Boltzmann's equation does not have a physical meaning." (As translated by Straumann.) It would take another 14 years for quantum mechanics to be fully formalized, but the first Solvay conference represents a pivotal point in quantum history: "During 1911 [the] situation changed quickly. Articles that applied the quantum to other topics then outnumbered those on blackbody radiation for the first time, and some were backed by impressive experimental evidence. In part because of that evidence, physicists like Planck and Lorentz, who had previously taken the constant h to be characteristic only of the radiation problem, began to consider additional areas in which others had earlier staked quantum claims." (Kuhn). Albert Einstein and the Solvay Conference: Among the most renown scientists of the day - including Ernest Rutherford, Marie Curie, and Max Planck - Einstein made quite an impression. At age 32, he was the second youngest participant in the conference. The youngest was British physicist Frederick Lindemann, later to become scientific adviser to Winston Churchill. Although "Einstein had already published so many masterpieces, none had actually been put to the test and his theories were looked on rather as tours de force than as definitive additions to knowledge. But his pre-eminence among the twelve greatest theoretical physicists of the day was clear to any unprejudiced observer." (Frederick Lindemann, quoted in Brian). References: Headline quote from the Solvay Institute website. Kuhn, T. (1978) Black Body Theory and the Quantum Discontinuity (1894-1912). University of Chicago Press. Mehra, J. (1975) The Solvay Conferences on Physics: Aspects of the Development of Physics Since 1911. Straumann, N. (2011). On the first Solvay Congress in 1911. The European Physical Journal H, 36(3), 379-399. Denis Brian, Einstein: A Life, p.82. Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1912. Octavo, original wrappers; custom box. Splits to top and bottom joint of upper wrapper, two creases to front wrapper. Text in fine condition, largely unopened. FIRST PRINTINGS IN ORIGINAL WRAPPERS ARE EXTREMELY SCARCE.

Collection of Sporting and Humorous Designs, A. by ALKEN, Henry

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$21,500.00

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Seller: David Brass Rare Books, Inc.

Title: Collection of Sporting and Humorous Designs, A.
Author: ALKEN, Henry
Seller: David Brass Rare Books, Inc. (United States)
Description: London: Collected and Published by Thomas M'Lean, 1824. The Golden Age of English Sporting Color-Plate Books A Monumental Regency Collection of Henry Alken's Finest Sporting & Humorous Designs Over 320 Hand-Colored Plates in Three Elephant Folio Volumes ALKEN, Henry. A Collection of Sporting and Humorous Designs, Comprising A Variety of Entertaining Works, by Henry Alken, Illustrative of the Manners, Customs, Sports and Pastimes of England. London: Collected and Published by Thomas McLean, 1824. Three elephant folio volumes (21 5/8 x 13 3/8 inches; 550 x 340 mm.). Three engraved general titles and 321 superb hand-colored soft-ground etchings, all carefully trimmed and inlaid on gray wove paper, interleaved throughout with blank white leaves. Handsomely bound in contemporary plum straight-grain morocco gilt, covers elaborately paneled and decorated in gilt, expertly rebacked with the original spines laid down, spines with six shallow raised bands elaborately tooled and lettered in gilt in compartments, gray endpapers, all edges gilt. Bindings lightly rubbed and scuffed, as expected with a work of this immense scale and weight, but entirely sound and highly attractive. An extraordinarily rare and visually magnificent deluxe large-paper collection of Henry Alken's sporting masterpieces, preserving more than 320 hand-colored plates in monumental elephant folio format. These vast assembled Alken collections rank among the grandest survivals of the English Regency sporting print tradition and were originally intended for wealthy sporting gentlemen and aristocratic patrons. Because the plates were frequently broken up for framing during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, coherent collections of this scope are now of the utmost rarity. The present set contains many of Alken's most celebrated and elusive suites, including: Four Sporting Subjects - 4 hand-colored plates, complete Hunting; or, Six Hours Sport - title and 6 hand-colored plates, complete (Schwerdt I, p.16; Tooley 32) Shooting; or, One Day's Sport of Three Real Good Ones - title and 6 hand-colored plates, complete (Schwerdt I, p.21; Tooley 49) Specimens of Riding Near London - 18 hand-colored plates (Tooley 51) Comparative Meltonians - 6 hand-colored plates, complete (Schwerdt I, p.13; Tooley 23) Scenes in the Life of Master George - 12 hand-colored plates, complete (Tooley 46) Illustrations to Byron - 10 hand-colored plates, complete Humourous Miscellanies - 6 hand-colored plates, complete (Schwerdt I, p.16; Tooley 30) Also included is an almost complete example of the 1821 folio edition of The National Sports of Great Britain - 50 (of 51) hand-colored plates (Schwerdt I, p.19; Tooley 41), and several other Alken suites including Symptoms of Being Amused - 39 (of 41) hand-colored plates; Involuntary Thoughts - 8 hand-colored plates, complete; Tutor's Assistant - 6 hand-colored plates, complete; Illustrations to Popular Songs - 43 (of 43) hand -colored plates; National Sports (small format) 30 plates, complete; A Touch at the Fine Arts - 12 hand colored plates, complete; and Illustrations of Byron - 10 plates, complete. Together these works form an unparalleled pictorial survey of Regency sporting life, documenting with wit, energy, and astonishing observational skill the hunting field, coaching roads, shooting parties, riding schools, race meetings, and comic misadventures of English sporting society during the golden age of the hand-colored sporting print. Henry Alken remains the supreme comic sporting artist of the Regency era. His collaborations with the great publisher Thomas McLean helped define the visual language of English sporting art and influenced later artists from John Leech to Cecil Aldin. Today Alken's finest plates are prized not merely as sporting images, but as vivid social documents of early nineteenth-century England. The luxury production of this set is especially noteworthy. Each plate has been individually inlaid on gray wove paper in the grand Regency manner, a costly process intended both to protect the delicate soft-ground etchings and to elevate their presentation for display in aristocratic libraries. The surviving contemporary morocco bindings further underscore the exceptional status of the collection. Auction records confirm the rarity of such monumental Alken compilations. A three-volume collection of 318 hand-colored plates appeared in the celebrated John Herbert Slater sale at Sotheby, Wilkinson & Hodge in 1904, described as "a fine and interesting collection," realizing the substantial sum of £181. A later two-volume example containing 208 hand-colored plates from the collection of Henry Arthur Johnstone realized £12,100 at Christie's London in 1992 and again sold at Christie's New York in 2011 for $21,250. Large-scale Alken collections of this caliber have become increasingly elusive, particularly examples preserving so many major suites together in contemporary deluxe bindings. A monumental survival from the golden age of English sporting caricature and among the most visually spectacular Henry Alken collections to appear on the market in modern times. Full listing of plates available on request.

[Trade Catalogue] Styles for Men and Young Men. The Royal Tailors Inc. in 10,000 Cities. 1932 Fall and Winter 1933

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$300.00

( US$)

Seller: White Fox Rare Books and Antiques

Title: [Trade Catalogue] Styles for Men and Young Men. The Royal Tailors Inc. in 10,000 Cities. 1932 Fall and Winter 1933
Seller: White Fox Rare Books and Antiques (United States)
Condition: Very Good Plus
Description: Chicago probably: The Royal Tailors Inc, 1932. Wraps. Stapled. Very Good Plus. A sartorial oasis in the depths of the Depression, in this catalogue for custom tailored men's wear showcasing men's fashion in full color plates. Folio, 35.5 by 24 cm. Unnpaginated, 20 pages, or ten glossy leaves, plus wrap covers of a mid-weight, semi-rigid card stock. Inside wrap covers with substantial content and not counted in our page count. Sixteen of these pages are color plates. Of these, 12 or 14, depending on the strictness of one's criteria, qualify as full color plates, and the remainder -- two or four --then are more partially colored -- in common parlance, these would be labeled tinted. In addition, the catalogue has four black and white plates. Front inside cover has three swatches of material used in the construction of the tailored item, and serve as infrastructural, non-visible, items which nonetheless are critical to the quality -- durability and comfort, of the garment. The color plates all feature a single smartly dressed man, generally portrayed as a young adult, but not always, in the foreground, with a background of a lifestyle scene, and/or one or two other men, or a woman, etc. Sometimes the background figures are posed like the model in the foreground as well. All the plates rely upon drawn illustration, with the models capturing the aesthetic ideals of male beauty at the time, even in the case of the page devoted to the stout, who are only "stout" in comparison to the other elongated slender men rendered in the vein of a Sargent full-bodied portrait. Each of the plates is themed, with categories including such things as "Young Men's Extreme Fashion", this being easily distinguishable from the look of the dominant theme of merely "Young Men's Fashion" but tame in comparison to what such a category would mean today. Another category is "Men's Collegiate Models", which shows suits named "The Dartmouth" and "The Cornell", and the two models holding as props a megaphone and several books under arm. In contrast to the Extreme there are three pages devoted to the conservative, including one entitled "Stylish Conservative Fashion". The "Conservative" dress plates feature slightly older models. The dress shown in this catalogue is dominated by suits and jackets, but it does also include topcoats and also a few tailored women's coats. Compared to custom wear catalogues from just a few years earlier, there is less emphasis on formal wear. Condition: a moderate amount of soiling on the wraps, but we would say few would find what is here disconcerting. The final glossy page has mounted in the middle a slip of paper regarding special young men's pleated trousers, which would cost an extra $1 to make. This slip covers several of the drawings, but obviously, this mounted addition was done by the issuer of the catalogue and thus we don't consider it a defect. Otherwise, the pages are generally quite clean.

A Signed Photograph By Horse Racing Legend Sunny Jim Fitzsimmons by JAMES FITZSIMMONS

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$200.00

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Seller: Stuart Lutz Historic Documents, Inc.

Title: A Signed Photograph By Horse Racing Legend Sunny Jim Fitzsimmons
Author: JAMES FITZSIMMONS
Seller: Stuart Lutz Historic Documents, Inc. (United States)
Description: JAMES SUNNY JIM FITZSIMMONS (1874-1966). Fitzimmons was a jockey and a Thoroughbred racehorse trainer. He is a member of the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame.PS. 8 x 10. June 15, 1963. New Yorks Aqueduct Race Track. A black and white photograph of Fitzsimmons raising his hat to the crowd signed James E. Fitzsimmons Saturday June 15, 1963 New Yorks Aqueduct Race Track The Biggie. It is signed in green-blue ink and it is in very fine condition; one corner has a slight bend.

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