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Albert Einstein, Reaffirming E=MC2, Does Not Think the Radiation Must Power This Process and Is Skeptical that Radium Breakdown is the Source of Power of the Sun and Stars by Albert Einstein

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$70,000.00

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Seller: The Raab Collection

Title: Albert Einstein, Reaffirming E=MC2, Does Not Think the Radiation Must Power This Process and Is Skeptical that Radium Breakdown is the Source of Power of the Sun and Stars
Author: Albert Einstein
Seller: The Raab Collection (United States)
Description: 5/11/19. A remarkable letter before his great fame, referencing and shown to Marie Curie Einstein, who helped free so many from the jaws of Nazism, makes an impassioned plea for a World War I German POW in France, who would escape but later die in the HolocaustIn 1905, while a young patent clerk and physicist in Bern, Switzerland, Albert Einstein obtained his doctorate and published a paper that explained his newly developed Special Theory of Relativity. This unlocked many mysteries of the universe, and introduced the world to the idea equating mass and the speed of light with energy, which we know today as e=mc2. Einstein's insight, and one element that distanced his work from that of Newton, was to recognize that mc2 was the proper energy of mass, the energy associated with that mass, and was independent of its motion. Mass must be measured in this way as resting mass. This was a foundation of e=mc2. The breakdown of molecules therefore released energy. This energy is often used by cells to perform work, such as powering movement.In the early years of the 20th century, thanks to the development of mass spectrographs, science had acquired the capacity to ""weigh"" atoms with extreme precision. Indeed, Einstein provided the theoretical explanation for Brownian motion, while French Chemist Perrin experimentally verified Einstein's theory, solidifying the evidence for the existence of atoms.Scientists, among them Perrin, noted that when comparing the mass of a helium nuclei to that of the four elementary nuclei it was made of, there was a slight discrepancy—one helium atom was slightly lighter than four hydrogen atoms; in other words the whole was smaller than the sum of the parts. Where did the missing mass go? Einstein knew the answer: in accordance with his famous E=mc_ equation, a tiny fraction of the mass had been transformed into a formidable quantity of energy.The French mathematician Paul Langevin understood the formidable source of energy that resulted from these ""transmutations."" But it was Jean Perrin, a professor of physical chemistry in Paris, who first proposed in 1919 that the fusion of hydrogen into helium was the energy source of the Sun and stars, accounting for the billions of years of sunshine past and the billions of years to come.During this time, radiation studies too were in their infancy. Marie Curie famously decided to do her thesis on radiation, recently discovered in uranium by Henri Becquerel. She found that an ore containing uranium was far more radioactive than could be explained by its uranium content. This led her and her husband, Pierre, to the discovery of a new element that was 400 times more radioactive than uranium. In 1898 it was added to the Periodic Table as polonium, named after Curie’s birth country.Then Curie discovered an even more radioactive element, radium, and, through observation of radium, made a fundamental discovery: Radiation wasn’t dependent on the organisation of atoms at the molecular level; something was happening inside the atom itself. The atom was not, as scientists believed at the time, inert, indivisible, or even solid.This discovery led to an overlapping one: At the time, people did not know what powered the Sun. Many however thought it was Radium. Perrin was one of those who believed this. His hypothesis, borrowing from E=MC2, was that radiation, in the form of Radium, was emanating from bodies like earth, causing the breakdown of molecules on the Sun, and that the breakdown was powering the Sun and other stars. In 1919, Perrin sent to Einstein his new publication proposing this theory.Einstein's response notes the breakdown of molecules and the released energy can likely be accomplished by other means than radiation. He uses the mathematical equation for the breakdown of one molecule into atoms. He references a first order reaction, a chemical reaction where the rate of the reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of only one reactant. In simpler terms, if you double the concentration of that reactant, you double the reaction rate. A common example is radioactive decay.And he gives his best to the Madame Curie. Einstein had last met in Paris with Perrin, Pierre Langevin, Professor of Experimental Physics at the Collège de France, and Curie, then Professor of Physics at the Sorbonne, on the occasion of Einstein’s lecture to the French Physical Society in late March 1913. They first met at the Solvay Congress in Brussels in autumn 1911.At the same time, Einstein, who helped so many Jews escape Germany during World War II, had a distant cousin, the geologist August Moos, who had volunteered in the German infantry at the start of the First World War in 1914. After being taken prisoner in 1915, he made several attempts to escape which resulted in a sentence that prevented his release after the armistice of 1918. His mother asked for help from Einstein, who turned to his friend Perrin, as well as mathematician and statesman Paul Painlevé, asking them to intercede. Moos was finally released in February 1920. He would work as an oil geologist in the interwar period, before being tragically arrested due to his Jewish heritage under the Nazi regime. Moos would die in the Buchenwald concentration camp during World War II.Typed letter signed, in French, signed “A. Einstein"", November 5, 1919, to Professor Jean Baptiste Perrin, who would go on to win the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1926 for his work on the atomic structure of matter. ""Dear Perrin! I received your publications and thank you cordially. Your opinion of the primary importance of radiation for all chemical reactions still seems to me dubious, even if it was certain (which it is not) that reactions of the type J_ - J+J [added by hand] are of the first order. It would be possible, for example, that J_ molecules whose internal energy exceeds a certain limit would decompose in accordance with radioactive bodies.""One more prayer. One of the parents of one of my cousins—a geologist—is a prisoner of war in France. His (widowed) mother, having lost her other son in the war, is in the greatest pain for her only son, since he had tried to flee several times. She shudders at the thought that the man—through his old efforts to flee in a very difficult situation—might try to flee again and be shot. Wouldn't it be possible to do something for this young scholar?"" He goes on to give the address of August Moos, held in Charleville, Ardennes, and concludes by offering his ""many friendships for you, Mr. Langevin and Madame Curie."" Below, he notes an ink spill, draws an arrow and writes, ""drop of editorial sweat from editing.""Perrin responded the very same day, confirming that he believed rays from Earth were breaking down molecules in the sun and that he assumed the first order nature of the reaction. In other words, he did not agree with Einstein that radiation was not breaking down molecules, releasing energy, and powering the sun. ""I do indeed believe that I2 (Einstein used J but Perrin used I) decomposes like radioactive bodies (and I devoted a chapter of my work to this) but precisely on the conviction that radioactive bodies like I2 are decomposed by light (for radium, ultra-short X rays emanating from the Earth at _ = 10–11) (light which suddenly increases the internal energy). I read your letters to Mrs. Curie and to Langevin. They too send you their very best regards."" Perrin and [?]In addition to this important family and political content, Einstein comments on a theory that Perrin had developed in which all chemical transformations (including radioactive decay) are triggered by radiation, calling it ""dubious."" Also significant is the date: one day before the official report of Eddington's expedition debuted before the Royal Society of London, confirming Einstein's theory of general relativity. Widespread newspaper coverage of the results vaulted Einstein into immediate international fame. An altogether remarkable letter from one Nobel Prize winner to another, shown to yet a third, and using the chemical equation for the breakdown of molecules into atoms in his own hand.

Essay on Man. Address'd to a Friend by POPE, Alexander

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$6,500.00

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Seller: Heritage Book Shop, LLC

Title: Essay on Man. Address'd to a Friend
Author: POPE, Alexander
Seller: Heritage Book Shop, LLC (United States)
Description: London: J. Wilford, 1733. Two Large-Paper Copies of An Essay on Man [POPE, Alexander]. An Essay on Man. Address'd to a Friend. Part I. London: J. Wilford, [1733]. First edition. Large paper copy, first issue according to Wise (second issue according to Griffith). Folio (14 3/4 x 9 3/8 inches; 375 x 241 mm.) 9 ll. with woodcut title ornament, decorative initials and head- and tail-pieces. No half-tile issued. Bound without B2 (p. 7/8) as is correct for Griffith's second issue. Disbound and sewn, gilt edges. Two small marginal tears and some light marginal chipping to title page edges. A very tall copy (a quarter of an inch taller than the Rothschild large-paper copy). Chemised and housed with the following in cloth slipcase. From the library of E. Hubert Litchfield and sold by Parke-Bernett in December, 1951, lot 753 (and removed from its binding at that time). Purchased (with the following) from John F. Fleming, November 11, 1966 by Abel E. Berland with his bookplate. Wise Ashley IV, p. 38. Foxon P822. Griffith 304 (issue G). Rothschild 1613. "This issue is by many bibliophiles considered the first edition and is eagerly sought after" (Griffith). [With] [POPE, Alexander]. An Essay on Man. Address'd to a Friend. Part I. London: J. Wilford, [1733]. First edition. large paper copy, first issue according to Griffith (second issue according to Wise). Folio (332 x 198 mm.) 10 ll. with woodcut title ornament, decorative initials and head- and tail-pieces. No half-title issued. Disbound with crease where previously folded. Small, old stain to title page, last two leaves with horizontal tears to inner margins (affecting a couple of letters). Excellent. Chemised and housed with the above in cloth clamshell case. Wise Ashley IV, p. 39 (no. 2). Foxon P822. Griffith 294 (issue A). Rothschild 1613. Hayward 148 : "The present copy of Part I is [Griffith's} 'Issue A' for the priority of which he argues with skill and conviction". [With:] [POPE, Alexander]. An Essay on Man. In Epistles to a Friend. Epistle I-IV. London: J. Wilford, [1733-34]. Third edition of the first Epistle, first editions of Epistles II-IV, on large paper. "Griffith (p. 241) places this edition of Epistle I, 'Corrected by the Author,' before the so-called 'Second Edition' issued in the same year. Wise argues convincingly that it is the third edition." (Rothschild 1615). Four parts in one volume. Folio (343 x 220 mm.). 42 ll. [2], 17, [1, blank]; [2], 18; 20; [4], 18, [1, ad], [1, blank] pp. Woodcut title ornaments, decorative initials and head- and tail-pieces. With page 4 misnumbered page 8 in Epistle I (as called for). With the half-titles to Epistle II & III as called for and the ad on the penultimate page of the last Epistle. Contemporary speckled calf, expertly rebacked to style. Gilt fillet borders, spine bands ruled in gilt, blind stamped devices in compartments. Other parts apparently removed from binding. An excellent copy. Elizabeth Heber with her signature dated 1762 on the front free endpaper. Mary Cholmondeley with her signature on the front pastedown. E. Hurbert Litchfield with letters concerning it from Bernard Quaritch laid in (though not from lot 753 of his Parke-Bernett sale on December 4, 1951 as the descriptions do not match). Exhibited at the Grolier Club, "This powerfull rime" no. 35 (stating that it had belonged to W.A. White). Abel E. Berland's copy with his bookplate. Wise Ashley, pp. 40-45 (no. 4, 5, 8, 10). Foxon P827, P833, P840, P845. Griffith 307, 300, 308, 331. Rothschild 1613, 1614, 1615. Grolier English 43. The four epistles of the Essay on Man were published successively on February 20, March 29, May 8, 1733 and finally on January 24, 1734. The first editions of the first three Epistles appear in variant states, the priority of which is not always clear, but none of which are of significance textually (except Griffith's issue "I" of Epistle I, which Pope revised). The 'friend' to whom the Epistles were addressed was Henry St. John, Lord Bolingbroke. But this poem was not simply a statement of Bolingbroke's deistic philosophy. It has been referred to as 'a public, social and classical poem', a poem that takes into account Newton's impersonal universe but also interweaves a 'tissue of images from older and more human conceptions' (M. Mack, Works, Vol. III) and which examines the human condition against Miltonic, cosmic bacground. Although Pope's perspective is well above our everyday life, and he does not hide his wide knowledge, the work is suggestive, dramatic, exciting, and sometimes even comfortably concrete: "Each beast, each insect, happy in its own: / Is Heaven unkind to Man, and Man alone?" Eighteenth-century sociability and a Roman Catholic sense of corporateness are a key part of Pope's philosophical outlook, while his favored metaphor of serenity-from-discord can be traced back to Heraclitus. In Mack's view, the "poem is able to transcend its origins and establish contact with the collective religious and moral past. Between Paradise Lost and The Prelude, there is no other English poem of which this can be said" (Ibid., p. lxxii). Pope died on May 30, 1744. He left his property to Martha Blount. With the growth of Romanticism Pope's poetry was increasingly seen as outdated and the 'Age of Pope' ended. It was not until 1930s when serious attempt was made to rediscover the poet's work. While there is some argument as to the first issue of the first part, both camps (Griffith and Wise) are here represented with excellent examples. A wonderful, and truly complete compilation of all relevant issues of one of the great poems in the English language. Ashley IV, p. 38. Foxon P822. Griffith 304. Rothschild 1613. HBS 65395. $6,500.

Fleurs, Oiseaux et Fantaisies par J. Pilement, 1719-1808 by Pillement, J.

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$900.00

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Seller: Thorn Books

Title: Fleurs, Oiseaux et Fantaisies par J. Pilement, 1719-1808
Author: Pillement, J.
Seller: Thorn Books (United States)
Condition: Very good
Description: Paris: Ernst Henri, Editeur, 1920. First edition. Stiff card wraps. Very good. Portfolio of loose plates. Title page, typeset and introduction are followed by the plates, each mounted to card approximately 11 by 15 inches. Complete with 40 hand-colored plates. The mounting cards are worn along the edges, but the plates are fine. Laid loosely into a portfolio: spine and corners of printed cloth in a floral pattern, drab paper over boards with a color paste-on and ribbon ties. The portfolio is significantly worn and soiled, spine reinforced and with its cloth covering largely perished, but still serviceable and with the ribbon ties intact. The first edition thus of botanical, landscape and allegorical settings which portray the world as a kind of fairyland, filled with color. Each plate is finely hand-colored in amazing detail. While the portfolio is worn, the plates are in very good to fine condition. .

A Christmas Delirium by WILSON, Edmund

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$50.00

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Seller: Lorne Bair Rare Books

Title: A Christmas Delirium
Author: WILSON, Edmund
Seller: Lorne Bair Rare Books (United States)
Description: N.p., 1955. First Edition. Octavo (20.25cm.); original plain staplebound wrappers in decorative dust jacket, paper label mounted to upper panel; 42pp.; illus. Jacket flaps originally pasted inside wrappers now loose revealing faint, inoffensive glue residue, else Near Fine.

The Gaffe"; An Evening of Poetry with Paul Muldoon and C. K. Williams by Williams, C. K.

4 to 14 days for delivery

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$50.00

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Seller: Lorne Bair Rare Books

Title: The Gaffe"; An Evening of Poetry with Paul Muldoon and C. K. Williams
Author: Williams, C. K.
Seller: Lorne Bair Rare Books (United States)
Description: Princeton, NJ: The Friends of the Princeton University Library, 26 January 2006. First Edition. Single sheet folded twice; oblong 8vo. "The Friends of the Princeton University Library. 'The Lure of the Library: The Friends at 75.' An evening of poetry with Paul Muldoon and C.K. Williams. A keepsake of the annual Winter dinner, Saturday, 26 January 2006. Printed for the occasion in the Typography Studio in Centaur, Arrighi and wood types by Robert Milevski & Charles Heckscher." [colophon]. A poem in three sections printed on three panels; the author's name in magenta over two panels. Lovely production (companion to Muldoon piece).

Angela: A Revealing Close-Up of the Woman and the Trial by THE PROFESSOR (pseud. of Charles Ashman)

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$45.00

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Seller: Lorne Bair Rare Books

Title: Angela: A Revealing Close-Up of the Woman and the Trial
Author: THE PROFESSOR (pseud. of Charles Ashman)
Seller: Lorne Bair Rare Books (United States)
Description: North Hollywood: Leisure Books, 1971. First Edition. First Printing, a paperback original. Octavo (17.5cm); photo-illustrated wrappers; yellow edge-staining; [8],9-224pp. Trivial wear to extremities, gentle sunning to spine, with some faint foxing to upper edge of textblock, and the usual tanning to the text edges; Very Good+. Hastily-written, pseudonymous volume on Davis, repeating "every right wing assertion about Ms. Davis being a black terrorist that had ever been issued. The following year, a month after she was found not guilty of providing the guns used by Jonathan Jackson in August 1970 to take hostages from a courtroom, Charles Ashman produced an instant paperback book The People vs. Angela Davis, which he attempted to peddle to the African-American community. Ashman revealed that he was "The Professor," claiming that he was forced to use that pseudonym for safety. He contends militant blacks surrounding Angela would retaliate against any "honkie" they caught writing about her" (Major, Reginald. "Stealth History: A Political Process. A Review Essay of The Shadow of the Panther by Hugh Pearson and The Rise and Fall of California's Radical Prison Movement by Eric Cummins" in The Black Scholar, Vol.24, No.4 (Fall 1994), p.39).

Rachel Whiteread Drawings by WHITEREAD, Rachel (artist); Allegra PESENTI (author); Ann GALLAGHER (contributor)

3 to 7 days for delivery

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$100.00

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Seller: Riverrun Books & Manuscripts

Title: Rachel Whiteread Drawings
Author: WHITEREAD, Rachel (artist); Allegra PESENTI (author); Ann GALLAGHER (contributor)
Seller: Riverrun Books & Manuscripts (United States)
ISBN: 9783791350387
Condition: A clean copy with no internal markings
Description: Los Angeles: The Hammer Museum; DelMonico Books, 2010. First edition. A clean copy with no internal markings. 10 x 8 inches. 224 pages. Profusely illustrated in color. Original pictorial boards. "This elegant volume accompanies the first museum survey of drawings by Rachel Whiteread, tracing her career from the late 1980s to the present. While Whiteread's public works such as House, the monumental cast of a nineteenth-century terraced house in the East End of London that earned her the Turner Prize, Water Tower, which graced the skyline of downtown Germany, and Untitled Monument in Trafalgar Square are renowned, her works on paper have remained largely unknown to the general public. This book explores Whiteread's draftsmanship, a lesser-known yet fundamentally important aspect of the artist's creative process" (the publisher).

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