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Determination of the Surface-Tension of Water by the Method of Jet Vibration by Bohr, Niels

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$9,400.00

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Seller: The Manhattan Rare Book Company

Title: Determination of the Surface-Tension of Water by the Method of Jet Vibration
Author: Bohr, Niels
Seller: The Manhattan Rare Book Company (United States)
Condition: Fine
Description: London: The Royal Society, 1909. 1st Edition. Soft cover. Fine. FIRST EDITION OFFPRINT, PRESENTATION COPY, of Bohr's first published scientific paper, written while he was a 20-year-old student at Copenhagen University. Inscribed by Bohr in Danish on front wrapper to Poul Heegaard, mathematician and professor at Copenhagen University. In original wrappers. In February 1905 the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters announced a prize concerning Lord Rayleigh's 1879 theory that the surface tension of liquids could be determined from the surface vibrations of liquid jets. The problem proposed by the Academy was to perform quantitative experiments to implement Rayleigh's method. Bohr faced formidable difficulties, not least the fact that, since the university had no physics laboratory, Bohr had to perform the experiments at night (to avoid perturbations due to passing traffic) in his father's physiology laboratory. Bohr's paper was submitted on the deadline of 30 October 1906, and on 23 February 1907 the Academy notified Bohr that he had won its gold medal. Bohr "included in his work essential improvements on Rayleigh's theory by taking into account the influence of the liquid's viscosity and of the ambient air, and by extending the earlier theory from infinitesimal to arbitrarily large amplitudes" (Pais 101). The original paper submitted to the Academy was, of course, written in Danish (it is actually in the hand of Niels's brother Harald). It survives in the Bohr Archives, but it was never published (Pais 102). Bohr submitted the present English translation to the Royal Society of London in 1908, where it was read and published the following year. As well as being his first published paper, this also represents the only experimental work published by Bohr; all of his subsequent contributions were to theoretical physics. (A. Pais, Niels Bohr's Times, 1991). The recipient, Poul Heegaard (1871-1948), is famous for his contributions to topology, especially the theory of three-dimensional manifolds. After his 1898 Copenhagen University dissertation, Heegaard taught at various military schools in the Copenhagen area before accepting a chair at Copenhagen University. After seven years there he resigned, but shortly afterwards he moved to the University of Kristiania (now Oslo) where he became a cofounder of the Norwegian Mathematical Society and a very popular teacher until he retired in 1941. Heegaard's dissertation is very well known because it gave a counter-example to the version of PoincarÃ©-duality published by PoincarÃ© shortly before, thereby contributing to the clarification of the basic notions of algebraic topology. He also co-wrote, with Max Dehn, the article 'Analysis Situs' for the Enzyklopadie der mathematischen Wissenschaften (1907), which marks the foundation of combinatorial topology. Offprint from: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A, Vol. 209. London: The Royal Society, 1909. Quarto, original green printed wrappers; custom box. A little soiling to wrappers, very small repairs to bottom corners of front wrapper. A remarkable well-preserved copy. RARE.

An essay towards the calculus of functions by Babbage, Charles

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$3,000.00

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Seller: The Manhattan Rare Book Company

Title: An essay towards the calculus of functions
Author: Babbage, Charles
Seller: The Manhattan Rare Book Company (United States)
Condition: Fine
Description: London: W. Bulmer & Co. 1st Edition. Soft cover. Fine. FIRST EDITIONS, journal issues, of Babbage's two most important contributions to mathematics, essentially founding the general theory of the calculus of functions. Babbage began work on the calculus of functions as early as 1809 and continued during his studies at Cambridge. In 1815, at just 23 years of age, Babbage published the results of his work in two long papers in the Philosophical Transactions. "Babbage believed that his new scheme would serve as a generalized calculus to include all problems capable of analytical formulation, and it is possible to see here a hint of the inspiration for his concept of the Analytical Engine. While the work on the engines and his other scientific, social and political activities caused him virtually to abandon mathematical research at the age of thirty, the calculus of functions was the area he often yearned to continue. In fact the calculus of functions was not taken up by other workers, and it is the aspect of Babbage's mathematical work that modern mathematicians find the most fascinating" (Dubbey, The Mathematical Work of Charles Babbage). Many years later, in his Passages from the Life of a Philosopher, Babbage referred to the calculus of functions as his "earliest step" and "one to which I would willingly recur if other demands on my time permitted." An essay towards the calculus of functions [Part I]. In Philosophical Transactions, Vol. 105, Part II, 1815. London: W. Bulmer & Co., 1815, pp.389-423. WITH: An essay towards the calculus of functions, Part II, pp. 179-256. In Philosophical Transactions, Vol. 106, Part II, 1816. London: W. Bulmer & Co., 1816. Two complete journal issues. Quarto, modern blue wrappers, uncut and largely unopened. Text extremely clean. Fine copies of both parts. Rare.

Recherches sur une Propriété Nouvelle de la Matière; Activité Radiante Spontanée ou Radioactivité de la Matière by BECQUEREL, HENRI

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$2,500.00

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Seller: The Manhattan Rare Book Company

Title: Recherches sur une Propriété Nouvelle de la Matière; Activité Radiante Spontanée ou Radioactivité de la Matière
Author: BECQUEREL, HENRI
Seller: The Manhattan Rare Book Company (United States)
Condition: Very Good
Description: Paris: IN: Mémoirs de L'Académie des Sciences de L'Institut de France, Typographie de Firmin-Didot, 1903. 1st Edition. Soft cover. Very Good. FIRST EDITION of Becquerel's "definitive work", containing the full account of his investigations and discovery of radioactivity. PMM 393. Dibner 163. "In 1896, [Bequerel's] previous work was overshadowed by his discovery of the phenomenon of natural radioactivity. Following a discussion with Henri Poincaré on the radiation which had recently been discovered by Röntgen (X-rays) and which was accompanied by a type of phosphorescence in the vacuum tube, Becquerel decided to investigate whether there was any connection between X-rays and naturally occurring phosphorescence. He had inherited from his father a supply of uranium salts, which phosphoresce on exposure to light. When the salts were placed near to a photographic plate covered with opaque paper, the plate was discovered to be fogged. The phenomenon was found to be common to all the uranium salts studied and was concluded to be a property of the uranium atom. Later, Becquerel showed that the rays emitted by uranium, which for a long time were named after their discoverer, caused gases to ionize and that they differed from X-rays in that they could be deflected by electric or magnetic fields. For his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity Becquerel was awarded half of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903, the other half being given to Pierre and Marie Curie for their study of the Becquerel radiation" (Nobel Lectures, Physics 1901-1921). Although Becquerel originally published most of his findings in a series of papers in Comptes rendus in 1896, "in 1903, Becquerel published the above massive volume of some three hundred and sixty pages, 'Researches into a New Property of Matter, or Radioactivity in Matter', which is his definitive work, containing a chronological narrative of his investigations, his mature conclusions and a bibliography of two hundred and fourteen treatises on radio-activity, dating from his own first paper in 1896" (Printing and the Mind of Man, 393). IN: Mémoirs de L'Académie des Sciences de L'Institut de France, 1-355 plus contents and plates (the entire issue). Illustrated with 71 photographic images on 13 plates. Paris: Typographie de Firmin-Didot, 1903. Quarto, original wrappers; custom box. Fading to edges and spine of wrappers, chips to spine ends, spine with a few splits, but everything holding.

Recherches sur la conductabilite galvanique des electrolytes by Arrhenius, Svante

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$1,600.00

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Seller: The Manhattan Rare Book Company

Title: Recherches sur la conductabilite galvanique des electrolytes
Author: Arrhenius, Svante
Seller: The Manhattan Rare Book Company (United States)
Condition: Very Good
Description: Stockholm: Norstedt. 1st Edition. Soft cover. Very Good. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL WRAPPERS, of Arrhenius's landmark discovery of the theory of electrolytic disassociation. Arrhenius was awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize in chemistry "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation." By 1880, "it was known that solutions of certain compounds conduct electricity and that chemical reactions could occur when a current was passed. It was thought that the current decomposed the substance. In 1883 Arrhenius proposed a theory that substances were partly converted into an active form when dissolved. The active part was responsible for conductivity. In the case of acids and bases, he correlated the strength with the degree of decomposition on solution. This work was published as Reserches sur la conductibilite galvanique des electrolytes (1884; Researches on the Electrical Conductivity of Electrolytes) and submitted as his doctoral dissertation... Arrhenius sent his work to several leading physical chemists, including Jacobus van't Hoff. Friedrich Ostwald, and Rudolf Clausius, who were immediately impressed" (Biographical Encyclopedia of Scientists). Arrhenius soon gained high international acclaim, ultimately being awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work. Recherches sur la conductabilite galvanique des electrolytes. Two volumes. Bihang till K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. handlingar, volume 8, nos.13 & 14. Stockholm: Norstedt, 1884. Octavo (216 x 136mm), both volumes in original printed wrappers. One plate (volume 1). Owner's initials at base of top wrapper to volume two. Both wrappers neatly split along top joint- volume two detached and volume one literally hanging by a thread; otherwise fine. WITH: Three others by or about Arrhenius: Undersokning med Rheotom ofver den galvaniska polarisationens forsvinnade (Stockholm, 1882), The Foundations of the Theory of Dilute Solutions ... Electrolytic Dissociation by Svante Arrhenius (Edinburgh, 1961) and Svante Arrhenius till 100-arsinnet av hans fodelse (Uppsala, 1959). All contained in a folding cloth box.

Ein Ghetto im Osten - Wilna [A Ghetto in the East] by Avorobeichic, Moshè; Ver, Moï

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$1,600.00

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Seller: The Manhattan Rare Book Company

Title: Ein Ghetto im Osten - Wilna [A Ghetto in the East]
Author: Avorobeichic, Moshè; Ver, Moï
Seller: The Manhattan Rare Book Company (United States)
Condition: Very Good
Description: Zurich and Leipzig: Orell Fussli, 1931. 1st Edition. Hardcover. Very Good. FIRST EDITION, illustrated with 65 images of the Jewish ghetto in the Lithuanian capital of Vilnius. With preface by poet Zalman Chneour in Hebrew and German. "In the same year that his Paris was published, MoÃ¯ Ver - under his real name of MoshÃ© Vorobeichic- produced Ein Ghetto im Osten (A Ghetto in the East). The book, with both Hebrew and German text, featured his photographic record of the Jewish ghetto in the Lithuanian capital of Vilnius, documenting a way of life that would soon disappear under terrible circumstances. Even more so than Paris, Ein Ghetto im Osten was ostensibly a documentary book, but as he had done in his view of the French city, MoÃ¯ Ver could not resist pushing the envelope of the documentary form. Once again, he used a variety of New Vision strategies, the most obvious being to take many images from upstairs windows looking on to the narrow streets of Vilnius's old Jewish quarter. This creates odd angles and a dynamic mise en scÃ¨ne for his pictures of people going about their everyday business on the street...But MoÃ¯ Ver didn't stop there. He also introduced cinematic cutting and montaging techniques to heighten the interest... A poignancy has been added [to Ein Ghetto im Osten] in hindsight: it was made at the beginning of a desperately traumatic time for European Jewry" (Parr/Badger, The Photobook). Zurich and Leipzig: Orell Fussli, 1931. Small octavo, publisher's photo-illustrated boards. Very minor rubbing, some foxing to the early and end leaves, some light soiling, generally an excellent copy.

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